DAR ES SALAAM: NEW research highlights the urgent need to expand access to critical care services to improve survival rates for critically ill patients in Africa.
The study, titled African Critical Illness Outcomes Study (ACIOS), was conducted in 22 African countries, including Tanzania.
Led by the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) in collaboration with the Africa Partnership for Preoperative and Critical Care Research (APPRISE), the study examined the burden of critical illness in hospitals and the gap in Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) services.
Findings revealed that 21 per cent of critically ill patients died within seven days of hospital admission, compared to just 2.7 per cent of non-critically ill patients.
“This means a critically ill patient is nearly seven times more likely to die within a week than a non-critically ill patient. Since critical illness can result from conditions such as Malaria, diarrheal diseases, heart disease, or cancer, addressing this issue is crucial,” said Prof Tim Baker, lead researcher from MUHAS.
Published in The Lancet, the study is the first of its kind to comprehensively assess the prevalence and impact of critical illness and related deaths from acute diseases across Africa.
Among the 19,872 adult inpatients (aged 18 and above) studied, 12.5 per cent were critically ill—equivalent to one in every eight adult inpatients.
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Contrary to common belief, the research found that 69 per cent of critically ill patients were treated in general wards rather than specialised intensive care units (ICUs).
“The fact that most critical care happens in general wards should reshape our perceptions of critical care delivery,” said Prof Baker.
The study also identified a major gap in essential, costeffective emergency and critical care services.
More than half (56 per cent) of critically ill patients did not receive basic treatments such as oxygen for respiratory failure or intravenous fluids for circulation support.
“There is a much larger burden of critical illness than previously thought, yet simple, low-cost interventions are not being provided. Many deaths are preventable,” Prof Baker emphasised.
In response, the research team, led by Prof Baker and Dr Karima Khalid, is working on a major project to expand access to EECC in primary healthcare facilities across mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.
The initiative is being implemented by the government through the President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG) and co-funded by UNICEF
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